An Ethereum Layer 2 using Optimistic Rollups with faster fraud proof verification than alternatives.

A container of transactions cryptographically linked to previous blocks forming the blockchain.

A web tool that displays blockchain data including transactions, addresses, and blocks in readable format.

The sequential number assigned to each block, starting from zero for the genesis block.

The average interval between the creation of consecutive blocks in a blockchain.

A distributed ledger recording transactions immutably across a network of computers with no central authority.

The idea that a blockchain cannot easily maximize decentralization, security, and scalability at the same time.

A protocol that enables the transfer of assets and data between different blockchains.

Protocol and algorithms enabling distributed network participants to agree on the correct blockchain state.

The ability for blockchains to communicate with and transfer assets between each other.

Digital money secured by cryptography that operates on decentralized networks without requiring a central bank or government.

A measure of how hard it is to mine a block in a proof-of-work blockchain.

A fixed period of time or number of blocks during which certain network functions or validator duties occur.

The guarantee that a transaction cannot be reversed, achieved through consensus confirmation.

A change to blockchain protocol rules, either backward-compatible (soft fork) or requiring all nodes to update (hard fork).

The unit measuring computational work and the associated fees required to execute transactions on a blockchain.

The maximum amount of computational work (gas) that a transaction or smart contract execution is allowed to consume.

A gas war happens when many users compete for limited block space by offering higher and higher transaction fees.

The first block ever created on a blockchain, establishing its initial state and foundation.

The computational power or speed at which miners solve hashes to find valid blocks in a proof-of-work blockchain.

A ZK-Rollup specifically optimized for NFTs and gaming with low-cost minting and trading.

The ability of different blockchain networks to communicate, exchange data, and work together seamlessly.

The main blockchain network that serves as the foundation for all transactions and security.

A separate blockchain system that processes transactions quickly and cheaply while periodically settling back to Layer 1 for security.

The primary, live blockchain network where real transactions occur and have monetary value.

The moment a blockchain project transitions from testing to live, real-value production network.

The pool of unconfirmed transactions waiting to be included in a block.

A cryptographic data structure that efficiently proves the integrity of large datasets.

The process of validating transactions and creating new blocks on a Proof of Work blockchain by solving computational puzzles.

A computer running blockchain software that maintains a copy of the ledger and validates transactions.

An Ethereum Layer 2 using Optimistic Rollups to enable fast, cheap transactions while maintaining Ethereum security.

A valid block that is created but rejected and not included in the main blockchain.

A sidechain solution providing Ethereum compatibility with independent security model and faster transactions.

Consensus mechanism where validators secure the network by staking tokens.

Consensus mechanism where miners secure the network by solving complex computational puzzles.

A Layer 2 scaling solution that bundles many transactions into a single transaction settled on Layer 1.

Network interface allowing applications to submit transactions and query blockchain data.

Blockchain's ability to process increasing transaction volume without reducing speed or decentralization.

An EVM-compatible ZK-Rollup providing Ethereum scalability with native bytecode compatibility.

Independent blockchain running parallel to a main chain with its own validators and security model.

A fixed time unit (~12 seconds on Ethereum) during which a single validator creates a block.

Locking up cryptocurrency as collateral to participate in network validation and earn rewards on Proof of Stake blockchains.

An Ethereum Layer 2 using STARK proofs and Cairo language for general computation with superior scalability.

A Layer 2 scaling technique where participants transact directly with each other off-chain, settling only when necessary on Layer 1.

The number of transactions a blockchain can process per second.

A signed record of value transfer, asset change, or smart contract execution on a blockchain.

The verification that a transaction has been included in a block and is now permanent on the blockchain.

Participant in Proof of Stake networks who validates transactions and creates blocks in exchange for rewards.

An Ethereum Layer 2 using Zero-Knowledge proofs for fast settlement and mathematically proven correctness.