Layer 1
The main blockchain network that serves as the foundation for all transactions and security.
Last Updated
2026-03-29
Related Concepts
What is Layer 1?
Layer 1 (L1) is the primary blockchain that processes and settles all transactions directly on-chain. It is the foundational network that provides security through consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake.
How does Layer 1 work?
- Transactions are broadcast to the network.
- Nodes validate and group them into blocks.
- Blocks are added via the consensus mechanism.
- The final state is recorded immutably across all nodes.
Security comes from the cost of attacking the network either solving puzzles (PoW) or staking collateral (PoS).
Why does Layer 1 matter?
Layer 1 is the trust anchor for everything built on top of it. Its security and finality are what make cryptocurrency valuable and enable all higher-level applications.
Key features of Layer 1
- Direct on-chain transaction settlement
- Full security through consensus mechanism
- Lower throughput than Layer 2 solutions
- Serves as security foundation for all Layer 2 solutions
Examples of Layer 1
Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and Cardano are all Layer 1 blockchains. When you send transactions directly on Ethereum mainnet, you are transacting on Layer 1.